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What to Do When Your Blood Sugar is Dangerously Low (Severe Hypoglycemia)

Experiencing a severe drop in blood sugar, also known as severe hypoglycemia, can be a frightening event, especially if you have diabetes. It’s crucial to understand what causes it, recognize the symptoms, and, most importantly, know how to respond effectively. This article provides a detailed guide on how to handle dangerously low blood sugar situations, ensuring you or someone you’re assisting gets the necessary help quickly and safely.

Understanding Severe Hypoglycemia

Severe hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels fall so low that a person needs assistance from someone else to recover. This usually means the individual is unable to treat themselves effectively because they may be confused, disoriented, or even unconscious. Unlike mild to moderate hypoglycemia, where you might feel shaky or sweaty, severe hypoglycemia can lead to more serious complications if left untreated. For those managing diabetes, understanding blood sugar levels and their impact is critical for maintaining health.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Severe Hypoglycemia

Identifying symptoms of hypoglycemia early can prevent it from escalating into a severe episode. While individual experiences can vary, some common signs of severe low blood sugar include:

• Confusion and disorientation
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness
• Inability to eat or drink
• Slurred speech
• Combativeness or unusual behavior

It’s important to remember that low blood sugar symptoms can mimic other conditions. Therefore, if someone with diabetes exhibits these signs, it’s crucial to act swiftly and administer treatment, assuming it's hypoglycemia.

Immediate Steps to Take During a Severe Hypoglycemic Episode

When someone is experiencing severe hypoglycemia, prompt action is essential. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Call for Help: Immediately call emergency services (911 in the US) if the person is unconscious, having a seizure, or if you're unsure how to proceed.

2. Administer Glucagon: If the person has been prescribed glucagon, administer it according to the instructions provided. Glucagon is a hormone that stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. Familiarize yourself with the glucagon kit beforehand, so you know how to use it properly in an emergency.

3. Do NOT Attempt to Give Food or Drink if Unconscious: It's crucial not to force food or liquids into the mouth of someone who is unconscious, as this could cause choking.

4. Monitor: After administering glucagon, monitor the person's condition closely. It may take 5-15 minutes for them to regain consciousness. Be prepared to provide information to the paramedics when they arrive.

5. Once Conscious, Provide Fast-Acting Carbohydrates: Once the person is conscious and able to swallow, give them a source of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as:

   • Fruit juice
   • Regular soda (not diet)
   • Glucose tablets or gel
   • Honey or sugar

6. Follow Up with a Longer-Acting Carbohydrate: After the initial fast-acting carbohydrates, provide a longer-acting source, such as:

   • Crackers with peanut butter
   • A piece of fruit
   • A sandwich

   This will help stabilize their blood glucose level and prevent another drop.

Glucagon: Your Emergency Tool

Glucagon is a prescription medication used to treat severe hypoglycemia. It's crucial for individuals at risk to have glucagon readily available and for their family members or caregivers to know how to administer it. Here’s what you need to know about glucagon:

• Types of Glucagon: Glucagon is available in various forms, including traditional injection kits and newer nasal sprays. Discuss with your healthcare provider which type is best for you. Blood Sugar Support Supplements What A Dietitian Says Actually Works

• How to Administer: Each glucagon kit comes with specific instructions. Ensure you understand these instructions thoroughly. Generally, the injection is given into the muscle (arm, thigh, or buttock), while nasal glucagon is sprayed into one nostril.

• When to Use: Use glucagon when someone is unconscious or unable to swallow due to severe hypoglycemia. Are You Experiencing Low Blood Sugar Symptoms What To Do Next

• After Use: After administering glucagon, contact emergency services or the person's healthcare provider. Even if the person recovers, it’s essential to determine the cause of the low blood sugar episode.

Preventing Future Hypoglycemic Episodes

Prevention is key to avoiding severe hypoglycemia. Here are some strategies:

• Regular Blood Glucose Monitoring: Consistently check blood sugar levels, especially before meals, after exercise, and before bedtime.

• Medication Management: Ensure proper timing and dosage of insulin or other diabetes medications. Always coordinate changes with your doctor.

• Consistent Meal Schedule: Stick to a regular meal schedule to avoid large fluctuations in blood sugar.

• Carry Fast-Acting Carbohydrates: Always have a supply of fast-acting carbohydrates readily available.

• Educate Family and Friends: Ensure that your family and friends are aware of your condition and know how to recognize and treat hypoglycemia.

• Wear Medical Identification: Consider wearing a medical identification bracelet or necklace that indicates you have diabetes.

Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM systems can be invaluable in preventing severe hypoglycemic episodes. CGMs continuously track blood glucose levels and alert you when your blood sugar is dropping too low or rising too high, allowing you to take proactive measures. Simple Ways To Regulate Blood Sugar And Improve Insulin Sensitivity

Benefit of CGM	Description
Real-Time Monitoring	Provides continuous readings of your glucose levels, eliminating the need for frequent fingersticks.
Alerts and Alarms	Warns you when your glucose levels are too high or too low, allowing for timely intervention.
Trend Tracking	Shows the direction and speed of glucose changes, helping you anticipate and prevent extreme fluctuations.

When to Seek Professional Medical Advice

It’s essential to consult your healthcare provider if you experience frequent or severe episodes of hypoglycemia. They can help adjust your medication regimen, provide guidance on diet and exercise, and offer strategies to better manage your diabetes.

Conclusion

Dealing with severe hypoglycemia can be daunting, but understanding the symptoms, knowing how to respond, and taking preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk. Educating yourself and those around you empowers you to manage diabetes effectively and maintain a safe and healthy lifestyle. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment plans. Remember to keep glucagon readily accessible and ensure that your family and friends know how to use it in an emergency situation. By being proactive and prepared, you can confidently address severe hypoglycemia and protect your well-being. ```

By Jeff P. Nadwodny, D.O.