Pancreatic Hormones (Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin) [e7caff]

Understanding Your Blood Sugar Range: A Guide to Healthy Living

Maintaining a healthy blood sugar range is crucial for individuals living with diabetes, and even those without it can benefit from knowing their ideal numbers. The American Diabetes Association recommends the following ranges:

• Fasting plasma glucose (FPG): Less than 100 mg/dL
• Postprandial glucose: Less than 140 mg/dL

These values are essential in preventing complications associated with high blood sugar, such as nerve damage and vision problems.

The Science Behind Blood Sugar Fluctuations

Blood sugar levels can fluctuate due to various factors. For example, exercise has a profound impact on blood sugar regulation. Physical activity helps your body use insulin more efficiently, which means it can manage glucose better. In fact, research suggests that even moderate-intensity exercise can lower fasting glucose by up to 20% in people with type 2 diabetes.

Diet and Blood Sugar: What You Eat Matters

The food you consume plays a significant role in maintaining healthy blood sugar level 78 after eating blood sugar levels. Focus on incorporating fiber-rich foods into your diet, such as fruits, vegetables, and is 82 a good blood sugar whole grains. These foods help slow down glucose absorption by the body, reducing its impact on insulin sensitivity.

Maintaining a Healthy Blood Sugar Range: It's Not Just About Diet

While eating habits are essential in regulating blood sugar levels, they're not the only factor to consider. Stress is another major player that can significantly affect your numbers. Chronic stress raises cortisol levels in the body, which causes an increase in glucose production and insulin resistance.

The Link Between Blood Sugar Levels and Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for managing blood sugar levels effectively. Research has consistently shown that carrying excess weight around your midsection increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by up to five times compared to someone who maintains a normal BMI.

Blood Sugar Monitoring: Why It Matters

Regularly tracking your blood glucose levels helps you identify patterns and blood sugar and hypertension make informed decisions about lifestyle changes. For instance, if you notice that your numbers spike after meals, it may be time to reassess the types of food you're consuming or explore ways to adjust portion sizes.

By incorporating these healthy habits into daily life and staying on top of monitoring techniques, individuals can improve their overall well-being while working towards a stable blood sugar range. Regular check-ins with healthcare professionals also provide guidance in adjusting treatment plans as needed.

The endocrine pancreas hormones such as Insulin, Glucagon, and somatostain physiology and pathophysiology explained for USMLE Step 1. is made up of 3 types of cells. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, Beta cells secrete insulin and Delta cells secrete somatostatin. INSULIN Generally speaking insulin is designed for energy abundance. So your body prefers to use glucose rather than fats for energy. The body will use CH instead of fat and glycogen. And use Amino Acids for protein synthesis. GLUCOSE Muscle will have increase uptake to make glycogen in the muscle. In the liver it will be used for uptake to use for glycogen and fat. Brain will only use glucose and this is independent of insulin. FAT Increase fat storage. Increase citrate and isocitrate. Increase AcetylCoA Carboxylase. This increase malonyl CoA which will increase Fat synthesis. This will increase Lipoprotein lilpase and decrease lipase. In Deficiency you prefer fats so you increase lipoprotein lipase which increase Free Fatty Acids. This will become phospholipids and cholesterol leading to heart disease. When there is Free Fatty Acids without insulin this will increase Ketone bodies (Acetoacetic Acid and B-hydroxyacetate). PROTEIN Increase synthesis and storage of protein. Increase AA and Increase Protein synthesis. In deficiency there is increase serum AA and increase urea in urine. It also increase effect on Growth Hormone. MECHANISM OF ACTION of BETA Cell When Glucose comes in this increases ATP and blocks Potassium channel. This depolarizes and causes opening of Calcium channel. Regulated by glucose, Amino Acids, and GIT hormones. GLUCAGON This hormone is expressed when glucose is low. Therefore it will increase gluconeogenesis by converting Amino acids into glucose and converted fats into glucose. Increase cAMP which will increase Phorphokinase which will increase phorphorylase and increase glucose phosphate. Only small amount of glucose is necessary to have greater effects because of amplification. At really high concentrations it can increase heart contraction, increase blood flow to organs, increase bile secretion an block gastric acid. SOMATOSTATIN REgulated by high glucose, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids and GIT hormones. Effects of somatostatin - decrease insulin and glucagon. Decreases motility of duodenum, stomach and gallbladder. Decreases secretion and absorption in GIT.